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Unlocking Cosmic Origins: LiteBIRD’s quest for Inflationary GWs

Sede A. Riccò Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania

The LiteBIRD (Lite (Light) satellite for the studies of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection) experiment is a space mission dedicated to studying the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Its primary objective is to detect the faint B-mode polarization patterns in the CMB, which are believed to be imprints of gravitational waves from the early universe, particularly from the period of cosmic inflation. LiteBIRD is equipped with a 30 arcmin beam width and an extraordinarily low polarization noise of 2.16μK-arcmin, making it uniquely capable of capturing large scale full-sky CMB polarization.
Our studies address two significant challenges in detecting Inflationary B-modes: foregrounds and the weak gravitational lensing of the CMB.
Foregrounds, varying with observation frequency, can be mitigated through multi-frequency sky observations. However, gravitational lensing of the CMB presents a different problem, as it is not frequency-dependent and causes E-mode polarization to convert to B-modes. This conversion masks the primordial B-modes we aim to detect. Our work concentrates on estimating the mass distribution from the CMB field to create a template of lensing B-modes. By removing this lensing-induced B-mode template from the observational data, we enhance the sensitivity towards detecting Inflationary gravitational waves.
This talk will explore the methodologies used in this study, the challenges encountered, and the potential impact on the detection of the Inflationary gravitational waves.

Archeology of interstellar archipelagos: Reconstructing the lifecycle of star-forming clouds

Sede A. Riccò Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania

Determining how star-forming molecular clouds (MCs) arise from and interact with the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) is crucial for understanding the initial conditions of planet and star formation and the evolution of the Milky Way and other similar galaxies. I will present state-of-the-art observations of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) and interstellar magnetic fields, which, combined with numerical simulations and novel statistical tools based on machine vision, reveal three crucial aspects of the MC lifecycle. First, the signature of magnetization in the structure of MCs in the solar neighborhood, within 500 parsecs from the Sun. Two, the imprint of supernova feedback in the HI structure across the Galactic plane. And finally, the coupling between atomic and molecular gas in and around MCs. I will discuss the consequences of these findings for our understanding of the Galactic ecosystem and the prospects for radio-interferometric and submillimeter polarization observations from the forthcoming facilities.

MSC in Physics: which curriculum? (2024 edition)

Sede A. Riccò Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania

In collaborazione con il Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, giorno 23 aprile 2024, con inizio alle ore 15:00, presso l'Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, avrà luogo l'iniziativa "Which Curriculum", rivolta alle studentesse e agli studenti della laurea triennale in Fisica come orientamento nella scelta della specializzazione per il corso magistrale.
Durante il pomeriggio, i ragazzi potranno visitare i nostri laboratori e parlare con i nostri ricercatori per conoscere e approfondire le attività scientifiche, i progetti in corso e le prospettive future.
L'incontro è promosso dalla Commissione Qualità del DFA.

Pint of Science 2024: Dalla Polvere ai Buchi Neri

Joyce Irish pub Via Montesano 46, Catania, Italia

Tu potresti morire ma il deserto nasconderebbe il segreto della tua morte che rimarrebbe dopo di te per coprire la tua memoria con il vento… scrive John Fante in Ask the dust, Chiedi quindi alla polvere ma di una stella se vuoi sapere cosa ci attende se cadessimo in un Buco Nero, dove lo spazio diventa tempo e il tempo diventa spazio, dove forse si cela il passaggio verso un nuovo Universo gemello del nostro. Siete pronti a questo viaggio cosmico?

ESP2024 – PLATO PLANETARY SYSTEMS: Formation to Observed architectures

Department of Physics and Astronomy "Ettore Majorana" (DFA) of the Catania University Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, Italia

PLATO is the 3rd mission of class M in the ESA Cosmic Vision program. Its main goal is detecting terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar type stars. With its huge FOV, most of the PLATO targets are bright stars that will be monitored with high cadence (25 s) for at least 2-3 years during the long duration observing program, while contemporary a number of very bright stars in the sample will be observed with 2.5 s cadence. The collected data, photometry from space and high resolution spectroscopy from the ground, will provide accurate planetary structures as well as architectures and evolutionary stage - via asteroseismic analysis - of a large number of planetary systems. PLATO is planned for a launch in Dec 2026.

Pint of Science 2024: La conquista dello spazio

Joyce Irish pub Via Montesano 46, Catania, Italia

Partendo dallo storico viaggio di Gagarin, si parlerà di come il genere umano ha conquistato lo spazio che ci circonda, delle prospettive future a breve e lungo termine e, per i pochi a quel punto ancora ragionevolmente sobri, delle ricadute sulla vita di tutti i giorni delle tecnologie spaziali.

Etna Comics 2024

Le Ciminiere viale Africa 222, Catania

L'Istituto Nazonale di Astrofisica sarà presente all'edizione 2024 di Etna Comics, rassegna di fumetti e giochi che si svolge a Catania dal 6 al 9 giugno.

Resilience of Eukaryotic Life in Mars-Like Simulated Conditions

Sede A. Riccò Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania

Constraining the survivability of different organisms to space-like conditions is of great interest
for Astrobiology. Extreme conditions can lead to alteration in the metabolic pathways of biological
systems. To identify organisms of interest for future astrobiological studies, it is necessary to
investigate their physiological parameters to understand the mechanisms involved in metabolic
rearrangement.

Neural Networs: new models for recovering the Cosmic Microwave Background

Sede A. Riccò Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania

The Cosmic Microwave Background, the relic emission from the primordial Universe, is one of the most important observables in Cosmology. Its recovery is generally carried out by parametric and (semi) blind methods after removing several Galactic and extragalactic emissions. However, in order to take into account their non-linear behaviors, Machine Learning approaches such Neural Networks seem to be promising for that task. In this talk, I will describe how they begin to be an alternative and reliable methods for recovering the Cosmic Microwave Background.

Galactic Archaeology: decoding the fossil record of Galaxy formation and evolution

Sede A. Riccò Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania

One of most important issue in Astrophysics is the achievement of a robust understanding of the sequence of processes that contributed to the building up of the Milky Way. This is obviously important not only "on a local scale" in order to recover the history of formation and evolution of the Galaxy, but also, more in general, for understanding the formation process of spiral galaxies. In the last decade, the advent of high precision photometric and spectroscopic surveys as well as the possibility to estimate, thanks to the ESA Gaia mission, accurate distance for a huge number of field stars, combined with the development of an accurate theoretical framework, is actually opening a new era for this kind of investigations.
We will present some recent results - obtained by using this updated observational and theoretical framework - about the formation and early evolution of the Milky Way.